Martin Antonenko
A Fixture
- Joined
- Jul 11, 2008
- Messages
- 9,001
"Brothers to the sun, to freedom"...?
On December 30, 1918, in the ballroom of the Prussian state parliament in Berlin...
... the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) is founded...:
With this, the members of the "Spartacus League", the so-called "Bremer Left Radicals" and other groups of international communists in Germany merged to form a political party.
The following persons are elected to the first party executive: Hermann Duncker, Käte Duncker, Hugo Eberlein, Paul Frölich, Leo Jogiches, Paul Lange, Paul Levi, Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Ernst Meyer, Wilhelm Pieck, August Thalheimer, Johann Knief and Otto Rühle. .:
Two weeks later, on January 15, 1919, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht...
...murdered in Berlin by right-wing "Freikorps" fighters of the former "Guards Cuirassier Division".
On March 10, 1919, Leo Jogiches...
...who had taken over the provisional leadership of the party after the deaths of Luxemburg and Liebknecht, arrested and killed in the Moabit remand prison.
Käthe Dunker...
... and her husband Hermann Dunker...
...were able to flee from the Nazis to Moscow in 1933 and survived this time in the notorious Hotel "Lux" at Moscow...:
Hugo Eberlein also fled to Moscow and was quartered in the Hotel "Lux".
At the beginning of October 1941 he was picked up there early in the morning by NKVD henchmen and shot on October 16, 1941 in the basement of the Lubyanka prison as an "enemy of the people" and "spy". The following photo of him is from his NKVD file...:
Paul Levi...
...fell on February 9, 1930, under circumstances that are still unclear to this day, from the window of his attic apartment at Lützowufer 37 in Berlin and succumbed to his injuries. Most likely he was killed.
Paul Fröhlich (here on a portrait of Heinrich Zille!)...
...arrested by the Nazis in 1933 on Fehmarn (where he was looking for a way to escape to Scandinavia) and imprisoned him in the Lichtenburg concentration camp (in Saxony).
Due to a bureaucratic oversight, he was released in early 1934 and was able to flee to Paris - and to New York after the German occupation of France. He died of natural causes in 1953 in Frankfurt (Main).
Paul Lange (unfortunately I couldn't find a picture of him!) survived the war in Germany (he was classified as "unworthy of military service" and did not have to become a soldier!).
As early as July 1, 1945, Paul Lange rejoined the KPD (from 1946, after the forced unification of the SPD and KPD, he was a member of the SED). From October 10, 1945 he was a member of the editorial board of the Leipziger Volkszeitung and from May 19, 1946 deputy editor-in-chief of this newspaper and a Stalinist hardliner!
In this position he defended the Stalinization of the SED and attacked the West German Social Democracy and contributed to the development of the SED into the so-called "party of a new type".
Ernst Meyer (on the following picture 2nd from right)...
...is known today as the "unknown chairman" of the KPD (because hardly anyone remembers him), died of natural causes (tuberculosis) on February 2, 1930.
August Thalheimer...
... fled to Paris in 1933 when the Nazis took power in Germany - after the start of World War II he was interned in France and was imprisoned in about ten different French camps.
In 1941 he emigrated to Cuba - after the war former "comrades" blocked his return to Germany (the GDR). He died in Havana on September 19, 1948.
Johann Knief ...
...was the representative of the "Bremen Left Radicals" on the KPD party executive - but not for long: he died on April 6, 1919 in Bremen as a result of delayed appendicitis.
Otto Rühle (on the following picture with his wife Alice)...
...fleeed from the Nazis into exile in Mexico - and became a member of a commission which, on its own initiative, investigated the alleged crimes of Leon Trotsky, which the Stalinists in Moscow accused him of.
This put him on a confrontational course with the Soviet head of the household, Yossif Stalin, who didn't like to see opposition at all.
Rühle died in Mexico on June 24, 1943 - officially of "heart failure", but it is quite certain that Stalin's NKVD had a hand in it!
The fact that Rühle's wife Alice took her own life on the same day also speaks for an unnatural death.
Wilhelm Pieck went furthest of the members of the first presidium of the Communist Party!
He too survived the war in the Moscow Hotel "Lux" (and, in order to save his own life, denounced completely innocent German comrades to the NKVD!) - and in October 1949 became the first and only President of the GDR!
After his death in 1960, the presidency was abolished and replaced by - formally! - collective management body "State Council" replaced, in which de facto only the respective SED party leader (and State Council chairperson) had the say.
We summarize:
Of the 14 members who were elected to the presidium of the newly founded KPD on December 30, 1918, six died unnatural deaths, only four managed to stay alive until May 1945 and only two made "careers" after that. ..
Nothing is with "...to the sun!"...
On December 30, 1918, in the ballroom of the Prussian state parliament in Berlin...
... the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) is founded...:
With this, the members of the "Spartacus League", the so-called "Bremer Left Radicals" and other groups of international communists in Germany merged to form a political party.
The following persons are elected to the first party executive: Hermann Duncker, Käte Duncker, Hugo Eberlein, Paul Frölich, Leo Jogiches, Paul Lange, Paul Levi, Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Ernst Meyer, Wilhelm Pieck, August Thalheimer, Johann Knief and Otto Rühle. .:
Two weeks later, on January 15, 1919, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht...
...murdered in Berlin by right-wing "Freikorps" fighters of the former "Guards Cuirassier Division".
On March 10, 1919, Leo Jogiches...
...who had taken over the provisional leadership of the party after the deaths of Luxemburg and Liebknecht, arrested and killed in the Moabit remand prison.
Käthe Dunker...
... and her husband Hermann Dunker...
...were able to flee from the Nazis to Moscow in 1933 and survived this time in the notorious Hotel "Lux" at Moscow...:
Hugo Eberlein also fled to Moscow and was quartered in the Hotel "Lux".
At the beginning of October 1941 he was picked up there early in the morning by NKVD henchmen and shot on October 16, 1941 in the basement of the Lubyanka prison as an "enemy of the people" and "spy". The following photo of him is from his NKVD file...:
Paul Levi...
...fell on February 9, 1930, under circumstances that are still unclear to this day, from the window of his attic apartment at Lützowufer 37 in Berlin and succumbed to his injuries. Most likely he was killed.
Paul Fröhlich (here on a portrait of Heinrich Zille!)...
...arrested by the Nazis in 1933 on Fehmarn (where he was looking for a way to escape to Scandinavia) and imprisoned him in the Lichtenburg concentration camp (in Saxony).
Due to a bureaucratic oversight, he was released in early 1934 and was able to flee to Paris - and to New York after the German occupation of France. He died of natural causes in 1953 in Frankfurt (Main).
Paul Lange (unfortunately I couldn't find a picture of him!) survived the war in Germany (he was classified as "unworthy of military service" and did not have to become a soldier!).
As early as July 1, 1945, Paul Lange rejoined the KPD (from 1946, after the forced unification of the SPD and KPD, he was a member of the SED). From October 10, 1945 he was a member of the editorial board of the Leipziger Volkszeitung and from May 19, 1946 deputy editor-in-chief of this newspaper and a Stalinist hardliner!
In this position he defended the Stalinization of the SED and attacked the West German Social Democracy and contributed to the development of the SED into the so-called "party of a new type".
Ernst Meyer (on the following picture 2nd from right)...
...is known today as the "unknown chairman" of the KPD (because hardly anyone remembers him), died of natural causes (tuberculosis) on February 2, 1930.
August Thalheimer...
... fled to Paris in 1933 when the Nazis took power in Germany - after the start of World War II he was interned in France and was imprisoned in about ten different French camps.
In 1941 he emigrated to Cuba - after the war former "comrades" blocked his return to Germany (the GDR). He died in Havana on September 19, 1948.
Johann Knief ...
...was the representative of the "Bremen Left Radicals" on the KPD party executive - but not for long: he died on April 6, 1919 in Bremen as a result of delayed appendicitis.
Otto Rühle (on the following picture with his wife Alice)...
...fleeed from the Nazis into exile in Mexico - and became a member of a commission which, on its own initiative, investigated the alleged crimes of Leon Trotsky, which the Stalinists in Moscow accused him of.
This put him on a confrontational course with the Soviet head of the household, Yossif Stalin, who didn't like to see opposition at all.
Rühle died in Mexico on June 24, 1943 - officially of "heart failure", but it is quite certain that Stalin's NKVD had a hand in it!
The fact that Rühle's wife Alice took her own life on the same day also speaks for an unnatural death.
Wilhelm Pieck went furthest of the members of the first presidium of the Communist Party!
He too survived the war in the Moscow Hotel "Lux" (and, in order to save his own life, denounced completely innocent German comrades to the NKVD!) - and in October 1949 became the first and only President of the GDR!
After his death in 1960, the presidency was abolished and replaced by - formally! - collective management body "State Council" replaced, in which de facto only the respective SED party leader (and State Council chairperson) had the say.
We summarize:
Of the 14 members who were elected to the presidium of the newly founded KPD on December 30, 1918, six died unnatural deaths, only four managed to stay alive until May 1945 and only two made "careers" after that. ..
Nothing is with "...to the sun!"...
