February 21, 1598

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Martin Antonenko

A Fixture
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Jul 11, 2008
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A boyar occupies the throne!


On February 21, 1598, the boyar Boris Godunov had himself proclaimed "Tsar of All Russia"!





Boris Fyodorovich Godunov was born in 1552 as the son of the petty landlord Fyodor Ivanovich Godunov and his first wife Stepanida Ivanovna (surname unknown).

This is the time after the death of Ivan IV the "Terrible" on March 28, 1584.





Actually, it would have been Ivan's son, Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich's turn, but the tsar had killed his son with his scepter during a fit of rage on November 16, 1581 - a scene that Ilja Repin painted with depressing authenticity...:



So Ivan's brother followed as Fyodor I. ...



... on the throne (forensic facial reconstruction by Prof. A. Gerasimov)...:



However, since Fyodor was incapable of governing due to congenital mental retardation, the country was actually led by the boyar Boris Godunov.

After Tsar Fyodor I died as the last ruler of the Rurikid dynasty (descendants of Rurik the Varangian/Viking prince!), Boris Godunov seized full power on January 7, 1598 and after the election by the estate assembly “Zemskij Sobor” (which proclaims all Russian estates, with the exception of the majority of the population, the peasants!) as tsar!



And what a coincidence! - a younger son of Ivan IV and brother of the dead Fyodor, Dmitry...



…were found dead at the same time with a stab wound in the throat in the town of Uglich...:



In 1692 the town of Uglich built the Church of Demetrios on the spot...:





**continued next post**
 
Part II


Boris Godunow war somit der erste Herrscher nach dem Ende des Hauses von Rurik und sah sich alsbald scharfen Angriffen seitens Moskauer Bojarengeschlechter ausgesetzt, die ihn für die Ermordung Dmitrijs verantwortlich machten.

Bei der Beseitigung der lautesten Kritiker war Godunow wenig zimperlich - und ich persönlich denke, dass er auch bei dem Mord in Uglitsch seine Hände im Spiel gehabt hat.…

Innenpolitisch stand Boris Godunow vor den Problemen der wirtschaftlichen Zerrüttung des Landes und der bäuerlichen Massenflucht in die Städte, der er durch zeitweilige Aussetzung des Abzugsrechts Einhalt zu gebieten versuchte.

Dann machte er sich bei der Kirche beliebt und erhob 1589 die russischen Metropolie (Erzbistum) zum Patriarchat. Seitdem ist die orthodoxe Kirche in Russland eine eigene „Macht“ - und traditionell dem jeweiligen Herrscher treu ergeben - bis heute!



In his foreign policy he tried to form a grand coalition against Turkey.

Foreign trade experienced a significant upswing under his rule, especially via Arkhangelsk and the Volga. At this time, an escaped monk appeared, who pretended to be the surviving Tsarevich Dmitri, claimed the Tsar's throne and was able to quickly mobilize an army.

Boris Godunow died unexpectedly in this unstable situation, probably after a stroke, on April 13, 1605, even though rumors of a violent death never died down among the population...:



Boris Godunov's death was followed by an absolutely lawless and anarchic period in Russia, which went down in Russian history as "Smuta" (= the "Time of Troubles").

Various pretenders to the throne - including several false "Dmitrijs" and other alleged "sons" of the eight times married Ivan IV - fought mercilessly among themselves...:





Exploiting Russian anarchy...







... the Polish intervened and in turn occupied the Tsar's throne (1609)...







...the country fell apart and was also plagued by famines for three consecutive years.

The "Smuta" cost the lives of hundreds of thousands - until 1612 under the Novgorod merchant Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky...


...a popular uprising formed and the Poles were chased out of the country again!








The "Smuta" ended the following year when, in 1613, the Zemski Sobor estate assembly with the youthful Mikhail I elected the first Romanov tsar to the throne...:



Coincidence: Mikhail I was also elected tsar on February 21, 1613 – exactly 410 years ago today...

History really does have humor at times!
 
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