July 1, 1962

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Martin Antonenko

A Fixture
Joined
Jul 11, 2008
Messages
9,001
Uprising at Nowotscherkassk!


On July 1, 1962, the largest workers' uprising in the history of the Soviet Union began in the southern Russian city of Novocherlask!

The day before, head of state and party leader Nikita Khrushchev ...



... in order to cope with another acute supply crisis in the USSR, ordered the increase of all food prices by up to 35 percent.

At the same time, the Soviet leader decreed a 35 percent cut in wages.

There are several reasons why it is now banging in Novocherkassk: the city, once the capital of the Don Cossack region, which was autonomous under the tsars, is suspicious to the authorities due to its predominantly Cossack population and - to the detriment of the nearby city of Rostov-on-Don...



- and the population, for their part, is therefore not particularly keen on the authorities, especially the party cadres, who are well looked after in extra shops ("Kommersant").

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Early in the morning, the workforce of the city's largest industrial company, the locomotive factory ...



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... closed on strike ...



... and the workers move to the city center to protest ...:



Deputies of the locomotive workers rush to other factories and also call on their colleagues there to go on strike. These calls are almost one hundred percent obeyed!

In the late morning, the protesting crowd counts down to tens of thousands ...





... the local population (mostly family members of the workers affected by Khrushchev's measures) show solidarity ...:



The crowd shows Lenin pictures (they hang in every office, you just have to take them off the wall!) and red flags to make it clear to the authorities that you are not against the system itself, but only against massive price increases at the same time with wage cuts!




**continued next post**
 
Part II


On the part of the authorities nothing happens at first - except that additional militia units (police) are set on the march to Novocherkassk ...:



The following July 2, strikes and demonstrations were repeated. However, not quite as peaceful as the day before:

A number of hotheads have got the upper hand due to the failure of government countermeasures, some party and administrative buildings as well as militia (police) stations are stormed and police officers and other officials are beaten up and mocked.

What the strikers and the demonstrators do not know:

Actually, the authorities had already tried to strike back on July 1st and use military force to suppress the uprising!

The responsible commander of the North Caucasus Military District, Marshal Issa Aleksandrowitsch Plijew ...



... had the (Cossack-born!) military district commander on site, Lieutenant General Matwej Kuzmitsch Schaposhnikow ...



... the order to operate and fire has already been given.

But Shaposhnikov, a distinguished hero from World War II, had refused his superior's order! He did not let his soldiers shoot at unarmed demonstrators.

THAT caused the delay in government countermeasures!

Shaposhnikov is immediately relieved and later transferred to the reserve - General Pliyev personally takes over the command.

At around 11 a.m. his troops began shooting at the demonstrators and tanks were clearing the streets. There are no photos of them, they were all suppressed at the time - so I can only show you the still photo from a documentary ...:

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Who does not go will either be shot or run over by the tanks.

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24 deaths are officially admitted, sometimes there is also talk of 26 - in truth it should have been far more, up to nearly 200! They are buried together ...:



Towards evening it's cementary quiet at Novocherkassk ...:



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The usual trials against the alleged ringleaders will follow in the next few weeks. Seven death sentences are passed and carried out ...:



Here are the names of the people who were executed ...:

ZAYTSEW Alexander Fedorowitsch
MOKROUSOV Boris Nikolajewitsch
KORKACH Andrej Andrejewitsch
SOTNIKOW Sergey Sergejewitsch
KUSNETSOW Michail Alexejewitsch
SHUWAJEV Wladimir Georgiewitsch
CHEREPANOW Wladimir Dmitrijewitsch

And this is what they looked like ...:



Numerous other strikers received long prison terms in prisons or labor camps. I have the full list, but I'll spare you one.

In 1966, Lieutenant General Shaposhnikov was also tried for "anti-Soviet propaganda"! He had already been expelled from the CPSU, which was tantamount to social ostracism.

But the trial against the general comes as a surprise: No death sentence, no prison sentence, not even a demotion.

The charges are quietly and secretly dropped because of his war merits!

In addition, high-ranking comrades in the war of Shaposhnikov are likely to have massively campaigned for him behind the scenes - and the party needs right now - it is the time of the Cuba crisis! - a loyal army!

In 1988 Shaposhnikov was rehabilitated and re-accepted into the party.

All other convicts (including those executed) will be rehabilitated by an ukase from Russian President Boris Yeltsin on June 8, 1996.

After the end of the Soviet Union, an unusually simple memorial stone was placed on the strikers in Novocherkassk on February 1, 2008 - our picture shows Russian President Vladimir Putin laying flowers there on the inauguration day ...:



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Immediately after the uprising, the Soviet regime did its best to cover up the events and to remain silent, which it almost succeeded in doing, because the Novocherkassk uprising is in the West - to this day! - almost unknown.
 
The Bolsheviks dumped the Tsar, Imperialism and serfdom and gave the proletariat - communism and serfdom! Progress?
 

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