July 9, 1762

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Martin Antonenko

A Fixture
Joined
Jul 11, 2008
Messages
9,001
Putsch at Saint Petersburg!


The wife of the Russian tsar, Ekaterina Alexejewna ...



... is proclaimed sole tsarina on July 9, 1762 after a coup by the guard regiments stationed in Saint Petersburg.

The rightful tsar, Petr III, Jekatarina's husband, is simultaneously declared deposed ...:



Ekaterina is actually called Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst and was married to the Russian heir to the throne Grand Duke Petr Fjodorowitsch on September 1, 1745 (all dates according to our era!) ...



... who on January 5, 1762 after the death of Jelisaweta (Elizabeth) I as Tsar Petr III. had ascended the throne.

One day before the wedding she had converted to the Russian Orthodox faith (to marry a Grand Duke you HAVE to be Russian Orthodox!) and had adopted her new name.

On October 1, 1754, after nine years of marriage, Ekatarina gave birth to a son, whom her husband recognized as his own, but who in all likelihood together with Ekatharina's lover, Prince Grigorij Orlow ...



was conceived.

It is also Grigorij Orlow who, together with his brothers Aleksej ...



...Iwan...



...Fjodor...



and Wladimir...



... organized and led the coup.

Since all five are officers in the Guard, this is not particularly difficult!

Officially one takes action against the emperor because he put an end to the Seven Years' War with Prussia for Russia and one has concluded a separate peace.

However, I ask (as the Russian people probably asked themselves): What is wrong with "making peace" after seven years of slaughter?

Another reason is said to have been that the tsar sought the friendship of the Prussian king.
And thirdly: The peace with Prussia is said to have brought Russia "disadvantages" - claims Eekatarina, the Orlows claims to the guardsmen.

Well - in truth it will have been about power and the greed for power.

And about thwarting an enlightened reform program that the now deposed tsar was about to lay down and that threatened to disturb a lot of high-ranking people, especially large landowners (such as the Orlows).

When I read all of this, it is hard to believe that Petr III. is said to have been a drunk, half-mad and sadist, as his wife, who is now in a coup, has handed him down to posterity in many written testimonies.

And the testimony handed down by a neutral contemporary does not fit either!

The Swedish historian Magnus Jacob von Crusenstolpe (1795–1865)...

Carl_Fredrich_Brander-Portrait_of_Jakob_Magnus_Sprengtporten.jpg


... described Petr III. when taking office as follows:

“… The Grand Duke was known to be inconsistent and bizarre, but the Emperor was fair, patient, agreeable and enlightened. All higher civil servants retained their offices. He forgave his enemies, even if they behaved very unworthily towards him ... "

Anyway:

The Orlows have the Preobrazhenskij ...



...und Semjonowskij Guard regiments...



... won for Ekaterina, now the task is to get hold of the deposed Tsar as quickly as possible!

**continued next post**
 
Part II


In a hurry ...



... the troops marches from the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg ...



... to Petergoff Palace (Peterhof) on the Gulf of Finland, where the Tsar is staying ...:



But he was warned in good time - annoyingly for the putschists - and fled with a few loyal followers across the sea to the fortress of Kronstadt, which lies on an artificial island in the sea in front of the capital and is impregnable in summer!



Gone stupid! The coup is pending. Because whether the Russian army will join the two guard regiments is completely open.

We do not know what Ekaterina whispered and promised her husband through messengers to get him out of Kronstadt again.

However, we know:

A few days later the tsar returned to Saint Petersburg and wrote "voluntarily" (as far as one can speak of "voluntary" in the face of threatened loaded rifle barrels!) his certificate of abdication in the guard journal of the Preobrazhensky barracks ...:



Then ex-Tsar Petr III. is captured, imprisoned - and died on July 17, 1762 under - officially - "unexplained" circumstances.

The deposed man was a very healthy man and still quite young. Not even his wife has passed on anything of any ailments from his time as Grand Duke and heir to the throne. And neither did his lover, Jelisaweta Worontsowa...:

Christina_Robertson_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Yelizaveta_Ksaweryevna_Vorontsova_1792-1880_-_(MeisterDrucke-781875).jpg


If we assume that he didn't burst out of rage in his cell or fell dead out of the blue, the only thing left is ... yes, murder!

And this murder is also on the conscience of the Orlows - and of their own accord they will not have laid hands on Eekatarina's husband ...

This is how I see it and this is how most of my contemporaries saw it, as this copper engraving proves ...:



But not a few thought - and hoped! - the ex-tsar was able to flee. This legend later made use of several rebels against Eekaterina's reactionary rule and presented themselves as the escaped Petr III. out!

The most famous of them was the Cossack rebel Jemeljan Pugatschow ...



... whose uprising almost led to the overthrow of the tsarina ...

In any case, the new tsarina, who as Ekatarina II. on October 3, 1762 in Moscow's Uspensky Cathedral ...



... was solemnly crowned ...

800px-Stefano_Torelli._Coronation_of_Catherine_II_(1777%2C_Tretiakov_Gallery).jpg




... the Orlows richly rewarded with money, titles and offices afterwards.

For example, Grigorij Orlow, her lover, was promoted to Generalfeldzeugmeister (general field master) of the Russian army.

His real goal, however, to rule as a lawful husband alongside the tsarina, is not fulfilled. One of his many successors managed to do this, namely Prince Grigory Potjomkin - whom she later secretly married ...:



Oh yes, I almost forgot:

The chief putschist will later be given the nickname Ekaterina Welikaja" ("Catherine the Great") by the world (which so quickly forgets), as the only female ruler ever ...

Vigilius%20Erichsen%20-%20Equestrian%20Portrait%20of%20Catherine%20II%20%281729-96%29%20the%20Great%20of%20Russia%20%20-%20%28MeisterDrucke-103780%29.jpg
 
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