Martin Antonenko
A Fixture
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The Posen Uprising
On December 27, 1918, the so-called "Posen Uprising" begins in the Prussian province of Posen!
The local Polish residents are fighting for the province (marked in red) to be incorporated into the Polish state that was reborn after the First World War ...:
The fighting will last for a month and a half, with the first armed clashes resulting in low casualties.
The provincial capital of Posen is already in the hands of the insurgents on December 28th ...:
The fighting then spread to almost the entire province of Posen.
The Polish fighters belong to a branch of the secret "Polish Military Organization" (Polska Organizacja Wojskowa - POW) - they fight under the Polish eagle ...:
Their structure went back to Józef Piłsudski ..:
... who meanwhile acted as the "Provisional Head of State" of the Republic of Poland. In mid-January 1919, almost the entire province of Posen was occupied by the Polish National Forces.
In the meantime, the German side has been able to reorganize at least partially after the chaos of the defeat in the World War and the Revolution.
Individual army units and makeshift volunteer corps (including Grenzschutzbataillon III), which operate under the collective name of "Grenzschutz Ost", ("Borger Guard East) defend the contested areas and the eastern border until a peace settlement is reached.
The "Grenzschutz Ost" fights under the old imperial war flag and has its own badge that - consciously - refers to the knights of the former "Teutonic Order" ...:
The swastika, later the symbol of the Nazi party, is often seen as a badge.
The German "Grenzschutz" then goes over to counter-attacks and the fighting continues ...:
Finally, on February 16, 1919, at the city of Trier ...
... signed an extension of the allied armistice with the German Reich, which also refers to developments in the province of Posen.
The German Reich undertakes to renounce all hostilities on the border with Poland. A demarcation line is set for the German and Polish sides ...:
The Polish uprising officially ends.
The insurgent army is even indirectly recognized as an Allied armed force in the aforementioned treaty.
In fact, the Allied pressure causes the fighting to break off, not better insight, and a military demarcation line is established.
A few local battles still take place in the weeks after that.
Finally, the Versailles Treaty of June 28, 1919 not only stipulates the fait accompli, but also goes beyond that in some cases:
Germany has to accept considerable territorial losses ...:
According to the peace treaty, which came into force on January 10, 1920, most of the province of Poznan fell to Poland without a referendum and became Poszan with the provincial capital of the same name.
This also affects some areas, such as the cities of Bromberg and Lissa, which were on the German side of the demarcation line after the Treaty of Trier.
The seeds for the next fight have thus been laid ...
In today's Póznan, this monument commemorates the "Posen/Poznan Uprising".
On December 27, 1918, the so-called "Posen Uprising" begins in the Prussian province of Posen!
The local Polish residents are fighting for the province (marked in red) to be incorporated into the Polish state that was reborn after the First World War ...:
The fighting will last for a month and a half, with the first armed clashes resulting in low casualties.
The provincial capital of Posen is already in the hands of the insurgents on December 28th ...:
The fighting then spread to almost the entire province of Posen.
The Polish fighters belong to a branch of the secret "Polish Military Organization" (Polska Organizacja Wojskowa - POW) - they fight under the Polish eagle ...:
Their structure went back to Józef Piłsudski ..:
... who meanwhile acted as the "Provisional Head of State" of the Republic of Poland. In mid-January 1919, almost the entire province of Posen was occupied by the Polish National Forces.
In the meantime, the German side has been able to reorganize at least partially after the chaos of the defeat in the World War and the Revolution.
Individual army units and makeshift volunteer corps (including Grenzschutzbataillon III), which operate under the collective name of "Grenzschutz Ost", ("Borger Guard East) defend the contested areas and the eastern border until a peace settlement is reached.
The "Grenzschutz Ost" fights under the old imperial war flag and has its own badge that - consciously - refers to the knights of the former "Teutonic Order" ...:
The swastika, later the symbol of the Nazi party, is often seen as a badge.
The German "Grenzschutz" then goes over to counter-attacks and the fighting continues ...:
Finally, on February 16, 1919, at the city of Trier ...
... signed an extension of the allied armistice with the German Reich, which also refers to developments in the province of Posen.
The German Reich undertakes to renounce all hostilities on the border with Poland. A demarcation line is set for the German and Polish sides ...:
The Polish uprising officially ends.
The insurgent army is even indirectly recognized as an Allied armed force in the aforementioned treaty.
In fact, the Allied pressure causes the fighting to break off, not better insight, and a military demarcation line is established.
A few local battles still take place in the weeks after that.
Finally, the Versailles Treaty of June 28, 1919 not only stipulates the fait accompli, but also goes beyond that in some cases:
Germany has to accept considerable territorial losses ...:
According to the peace treaty, which came into force on January 10, 1920, most of the province of Poznan fell to Poland without a referendum and became Poszan with the provincial capital of the same name.
This also affects some areas, such as the cities of Bromberg and Lissa, which were on the German side of the demarcation line after the Treaty of Trier.
The seeds for the next fight have thus been laid ...
In today's Póznan, this monument commemorates the "Posen/Poznan Uprising".
