The Warsaw Uprising 1944

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Warsaw, Thursday, September 18, 1944


At dawn that day, 63 soldiers from the contingent of the 9th Regiment of the Soviet-led Polish People's Army (Armii Wojska Polskiego), who landed on the bank in front of the embattled Czerniaków district yesterday and the day before yesterday, together with their commander, Major Stanisław Łatyszonka, who will later fall). ..



... to get through to the Polish AK fighters in the center of the district and strengthen their countrymen!



On their dangerous journey, the soldiers drag armor-piercing weapons, ammunition and equipment with them, whatever they can carry!

The reinforcement is welcome - but in view of the increasing German pressure, it doesn't help much!









Some of the brave soldiers even dare to return to the bank of the Vistula - and evacuate some of the most seriously wounded Polish fighters from the Czerniaków pocket; Once there, they are transported by boat across the Vistula and then on to the Red Army hospitals ...:





The actions are covered as best as possible by Soviet artillery on the east bank of the river ...:


The Germans, of course, notice what is going on, keep the kettle tightly closed in the center of Czerniaków and now deploy units of the SS-Wiking and the Dirlewanger criminals on the landed forces of the Soviet "Armii Wojska Polskiego".

With the last of their strength, they can defend themselves against the goal of the German attack, which is to split up their positions on the Solec bank and then destroy them individually!

In the center of Czerniaków, SS troops stumbled across the ruins of the building on Czerniakowska Street ...



... in which the command post of the "Armia Kraiowa" has housed for this district. The Poles, who were just as surprised by the attack, which seems to come out of nowhere, are able to leave the headquarters building without losses - the conquerors, however, get their hands on important papers - radio keys, situation maps and the like!

The main battles in Czerniaków today are for possession of Idzikowskiego Street ...



... that the Poles can maintain, but with heavy losses.

The forces of the defenders are melting together ...:



Between 12 noon and 1 pm, 107 American B-17 bombers appear over Warsaw, which took off in the morning in England and are fully loaded with supplies for "Armia Kraiowa" ...:







Finally, the Western Allied planners think the weather is good enough for this action, which had previously been postponed several times - while the Soviet planes were active.

The B-17 drop their load of parachutes from a great height over Warsaw - and only a fifth, after all 16 tons, reaches the Polish fighters ...:












This largest Western Allied supply operation for their Polish allies is the largest "air drop" during the entire Warsaw Uprising - and an almost complete failure!

If the Western Allies had come earlier when the Polish fighters held even more extensive territories under their control, it would have been different!

The improvised tactics of the Soviet pilots to drop smaller and as well packaged goods as possible without a parachute but specifically in a dive just above the ground is proving to be far more successful.

The US tactics, on the other hand, save the lives of their own pilots, because their planes move at great heights. But the Poles have none of that!
 
Hi Martin

The fighting is getting stronger for defenders but still the enemy bring new units in ....fresh to the battles happening in amongst nothing but rubble and desolation

As usual powerful pictures

Thanks again

Nap
 
Warsaw, Friday, September 19, 1944



Even today the fighting for the now almost completely destroyed district of Czerniaków continues - the few fighters of the “Armia Kraiowa” and their allies of the “Armii Wojska Polskiego”, who have melted down to a few men, are fighting back doggedly.

But an end is in sight.

In view of this situation, Marshal Konstantin Rokossowski decides to send substantial reinforcements across the Vistula for the first time!


A total of 1056 soldiers of the 8th Rifle Regiment of the "Armii Wojska Polskiego" arrive ...



... but the company ends in disaster!

Although the soldiers of the 8th Rifle Regiment managed to cross the river halfway unscathed, they landed in the wrong place, namely in the Kościuszko district, far too far north.



From the beginning, the regiment was exposed to heavy German defensive fire - it had no local guides (they were waiting in Czerniaków at the originally planned location).

With the courage of desperation (and in order not to be pushed back into the river by the Germans!), The regiment attacks inwardly of the city - and can even make up some ground ...




But then the soldiers of the SS-Wiking and the 25th Panzer Division manage to split the Poles into three groups, encircle them - and almost completely destroy all three groups!





The few survivors of the 8th Rifle Regiment retreated across the Vistula to the east bank after dusk!

A few are caught ...:



A few scattered people hide in the ruins, form small nests of resistance and can successfully defend themselves until evening.



Meanwhile, a fire orcan of German artillery shells of all calibres and 250 kilo bombs from dive bombers fell over the Polish positions in Czerniaków.

The Defense Commander of Czerniaków, Lieutenant Colonel Jan Mazurkiewicz ...



... it seems inevitable to have to vacate the district tomorrow at the latest, if not all Polish defenders are to perish.

But how?

In their distress, the Polish decide, in the event of an evacuation to the south, to break out to Mokotów, where the "Armia Kraiowa" can still hold their own!

The only possible escape route is the underground sewer system, which, however, has been buried in several places by impacts from 42 cm German bullets.

The Polish are in a hurry to clear the buried passageways.

In the evening the canal was reported to Lieutenant Colonel Mazurkiewicz as "passable again" - and the evacuation of the transportable wounded and a few civilians who were still holding out in Hell Cerniaków began.

Meanwhile, resistance is still being offered above the earth! As if by a miracle, the Polish manage to maintain their positions in the districts of Wilanowska, Idzikowskiego, Solec and Zagórna!





On the same day, another country operation of the "Armii Wojska Polskiego" is much more successful:

370 soldiers of the 6th Rifle Regiment (the Red Army infantry regiments are called "Rifle Regiments") manage to land almost unmolested in the north of Warsaw and to defend their landing head against German counterattacks!





However, they did not manage to get through to the defenders of the "Armia Kraiowa", who did not notice the landing in their immediate vicinity given the non-stop German artillery fire.

In the Śródmieście district, which was still heavily contested yesterday, the situation remains stable today - there are no German attacks, as many of their soldiers withdrew to grind the 8th Rifle Regiment of the "Armii Wojska Polskiego" to dust - which landed in the wrong place ...
 
Warsaw, Saturday, September 20, 1944


Czierniaków ist lost!

Lieutenant Colonel Jan Mazurkiewicz...



... orders a general retreat through the repaired sewer system (the blue line in the following map) to Mokotów!



Most of the Polish units are moving away ...





... only a small rearguard remains under Captain Ryszard Białous ...:



However, they only defend the two ruins where the entrances to the sewer system are ...:



Soldiers of the Dirlewanger criminals and the SS-Wiking occupy the district - and as soon as they notice that there is no longer any significant Polish resistance, they let their thirst for revenge run wild:

Every Pole that is found alive, women, children, men will be killed without exception! This “Czerniaków massacre” is in no way inferior to the mass murder of Wola, which was committed in August by the soldiers of the RONA fighting in German service, who have since withdrawn!

Today the Germans are also making the last nests of resistance of the 6th Rifle Regiment of the “Armii Wojska Polskiego”. Not quite ten soldiers are taken prisoner by Germany ...









And only through these battles does the "Armia Kraiowa" commander of the district, Lieutenant Colonel Mieczysław Niedzielski ...




... in the first time that allied compatriots ended up there.

The AK fighters immediately start attacks in the direction of the positions of the "Armii Wojska Polskiego" - you can get closer to them, but a union does not succeed until evening.

In the evening, AK chief General Bor-Komorowski radioed an order to his people, according to which new commanders were appointed for the individual districts and "regrouped" units placed under them, which were also given new names.

In reality, this “regrouping” is an adjustment to the given situation!

Many of the units that originally started in the Warsaw Uprising now only exist from a few soldiers, some even only on paper!

Lieutenant Colonel Mieczysław Niedzielski ...



..takes command at Żoliborz, Lieutenent Colonel Józef Rokick...



at Mokotów und Colonel Franciszek Pfeiffer...



..at Śródmieście.

In place of the many previous groups and independent battalions, the units are now grouped into "Divisions" (DP).

The 8th division "Romuald Traugutt" defends Żoliborz, the 10th division named "Maciej Rataj" Mokotów and the 28th division "Stefan Okrzei" Śródmieście.

(The chronicler, who so far had to rummage through dozens of different standard names while describing the events and researching images, is very grateful to the general!)
 
Warsaw, Sunday, September 21, 1944



The rear guards of the "Armia Kraiowa" left behind in Czerniaków yesterday have now been shot at fewer than 80 soldiers - but they will hold the two buildings at Wilanowska Street 1 and Solec Street 53, where the canal entrances are, until noon.





They don't think about giving up!

In the north of Warsaw in the district of Żoliborz the situation is changing - in favor of the Germans!

Despite all their efforts, neither the “Armia Kraiowa” fighters nor the members of the 6th Rifle Regiment of the “Armii Wojska Polskiego” succeed in establishing a stable connection with their allies - the Germans are simply too strong!

The 370 men who originally landed have now melted down to less than 180 and face the real risk of being completely wiped out if they stay in place ...:




In the late afternoon, the survivors retreated across the Vistula to the east bank ...:



The fighters of the "Armia Kraiowa" are now on their own again - they withdraw to their original positions.

Śródmieście is bombarded by German guns, launchers and "Stukas" all morning long - in the afternoon there is a violent infantry attack (the Germans have finished killing in Czerniakow!) ...





... aiming at the so-called "Bormann factory" on Silber-Road ...:







The Polish can repel the attack - and destroy several German machine gun nests ...
 
Still they fight and still many losses , civilians are escaping the horror ( heartbreaking to see the pictures ) ....

The dfnders repl and are succesful in action as well

Nap
 
Warsaw, Tuesday, September 23, 1944


While the destroyed district of Czerniaków is now completely in the hands of the Germans, a few soldiers of the "Armii Wojska Polskiego" who landed there on the 16th are still holding out on the narrow bank of Solec and the headland south of the port.

There are still 53 men!

Together with their commander, Captain Ryszard Białous (far left!) ...




... entrench themselves in the ruins of the house Solec No. 53 ...



... and hope for a miracle ...:



When dusk falls, they try to sneak through the German troops and somehow make their way to Śródmieście - but they are soon discovered by the Germans.

Most die in an all-out fight, a few are captured - and fewer than a dozen reach Śródmieście alive - almost everyone is wounded at least once.

Captain Ryszard Białous is also among them - he will go down in history as the last commander in Czerniaków during the Warsaw Uprising.

Meanwhile, the Germans are searching ruin after ruin in Czerniaków for possible hidden Polish fighters ...:








The Dirlewanger people kill a large number of Polish civilians again ...:



The Germans take their time in Mokotów in the south and Zoliborz in the north. They don't attack today either ...



... instead bombing and shelling the two Polish districts mercilessly around the clock ...:



On this day in Mokotów the popular military chaplain of the "Armia Kraiowa", Józef Stanek, was killed by a direct hit of a German missile ...:

 
Warsaw, Wednesday, September 24, 1944


The location:

The rebellious Poles of the "Armia Kraiowa" now only defend three isolated districts, which are also too far apart to be able to give each other support:

Zoliborz in the north, Mokotów in the south and the southern part of Śródmieście in the center south of the abandoned old town, where the Poles were, however, pushed back into a very small territory ...:



The interventions of the “Armii Wojska Polskiego” have all failed. The soldiers who made it across the Vistula either fell (most of them), captured (fewer) or had to hurry back across the river (even fewer) in order to achieve total annihilation!

The remaining defenders are slowly but surely running out of anti-tank missiles, nothing is coming from Soviet planes and the supply flights of the British and US Americans have largely proven to be ineffective because the Western Allies, in order to expose their pilots to the least possible danger, run out of supplies high altitude - and most of it missed the Polish positions and ended up with the enemy.

In order to break the resistance in the last three Polish bastions, the Germans have two armored divisions of the Wehrmacht (the 19th and 25th), parts of the Luftwaffe's “parachute armored division”, parts of the - battered - 5th SS armored division Wiking, the SS Storm Brigade Dirlewanger, the Ukrainian militias of SS-Obergruppenführer Reinefarth ...



... Cossack mercenaries of the "Ataman" Domanow ...



... and other units available, including two armored trains ...





... and heavy artillery.

The outcome of the fighting can therefore hardly be doubted!

Nevertheless, the Germans want to “play it safe” and decide to liquidate the three districts one after the other.

First up is Mototów - massive infantry and tank attacks are now directed against the district ...










... which are supported by artillery, rocket launchers and "Stukas".

The main German strike comes from the west, so that the artillerymen of the Red Army on the eastern bank of the Vistula cannot support the Polish defenders with targeted barrages.

The main focus of the sometimes bitter hand-to-hand fighting is Niepodległości Avenue and Puławska Street.

The Polish hold out! Only in the Puławska district are their lines pushed back, but not broken ...:



However, several night counter-attacks by the "Armia Kraiowa" fighters, with which the positions lost in Puławska are to be recaptured, also fail ...:





SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach reports to Berlin with hardly concealed criticism of Wehrmacht Major General Rohr, who is leading the operation:

"The attack from the south on Mokotów and the insurgents isolated there is making little progress. The defense is very fierce. It seems that our forces were not sufficiently concentrated and not adequately supported by artillery"

After dark, the Polish regroup their armed forces in Mokotów - and in particular try to strengthen their positions in the Królikarnia district, which is of great strategic importance.

This also applies to Konduktorska Street, the positions of which are also being strengthened ...:



 
Warsaw, Thursday, September 25, 1944


In the morning, the Germans send two parliamentarians to the trapped defenders of Mokotów: It is about two fighters of the "Armia Kraiowa" that they captured the day before, which they surprisingly did not kill immediately!



The two bring an offer from the German commander in chief, SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach:

May the Polish capitulate as quickly as possible and state their conditions for this in order to avoid further unnecessary losses!

Lieutenant Colonel Józef Rokicki ...



... replies in an open radio message (the emissaries will of course not be sent back!) that there can be no question of giving up, they will defend themselves to the last!

Shortly afterwards, the German general attack on the Polish positions in Mokotów begins ...:








The Polish have no realistic chance against one and a half German Panzer Divisions and the Dirlewanger people ...



But they doggedly defend their positions in Woronicza Street and then gradually withdraw towards their penultimate position, the so-called "Reduta Alcazar" ...:





When the Germans storm this position too, the Poles do not think of giving up and withdraw step by step through the completely destroyed Krasicki and Malczewski streets.

After several hours of bitter fighting, the last Polish defenders of Mokotów are huddled together in a single building complex, which they symbolically call "Westerplatte" - after the Danzig Fort, where the Polish army successfully resisted a vast German superiority for several days in September 1939. ..:




The AK fighters can defend the “Westerplatte” against all German attacks until dark - but it is foreseeable that this very last position in Mokotów will fall tomorrow at the latest!

Lieutenant Colonel Rokicki therefore orders his fighters to leave Mokotów in small groups under cover of night and to make their way through the underground sewer system to the nearest part of the city, which the "Armia Kraiowa" still claims.

This is Śródmieście - where the situation for the Poles hardly looks better, but in the past few days only sporadic fighting has taken place, apart from incessant bombing and artillery fire ...:




However, Śródmieście is much further away from the Vistula than Mokotów, so that the withdrawal means at the same time that one gives up the at least sporadic hope for help from the Red Army and the “Armii wojska polskiego” on the eastern bank of the Vistula!

SS-General von dem Bach reported the "liquidation of the Mokotów Kessel" to Berlin by radio.

In the evening, the Germans began to seriously turn to the Zoliborz district in the north of Warsaw and launched a violent exploratory attack.

This is aimed at the "Opel" factory there - a strategically important position ...:





The German attack is repulsed.
 
Warsaw, Thursday, September 25, 1944


In the morning, the Germans send two parliamentarians to the trapped defenders of Mokotów: It is about two fighters of the "Armia Kraiowa" that they captured the day before, which they surprisingly did not kill immediately!



The two bring an offer from the German commander in chief, SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach:

May the Polish capitulate as quickly as possible and state their conditions for this in order to avoid further unnecessary losses!

This well-known picture shows the Polish peace envoys Countess Maria Aniela Tarnowska (Representative of the Polish Red Cross) and Dr. Bartoszewski that negotiated on behalf of General Bor-Komorowski in October 1944 about the cease-fire and final surrender of the Polish insurgents before they crossed the German firing line to meet with General Rohr. While crossing the lines they were blindfolded.
 
Thankyou sir..the poignancy of the images and slo mo daily grind is moving. We usually read of battles as tho lasted the time to turn a few pages or even a full mbook..this measured daily recounting is very different
 
Warsaw, Friday, September 26, 1944


During the night, the Polish defenders go into the underground sewer system according to the orders, to make their way to Śródmieście ...:






How things went in the canals can be seen today - at least approximately! - see the "Museum of the Warsaw Uprising" ("Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego") in Warsaw, where a section of the route has been recreated for visitors to "experience" themselves ...:







In the museum, the narrow sewer pipes through which the AK fighters had to force their way for miles are clean, not dirty or filled halfway up with smelly liquid and explosive gases ...

The inscription translates as: "Attention Germans!" - the indicated exit is therefore under the enemy lines "...







But in the meantime the Germans have found out through torture of prisoners that the sewer system is used as an underground route for the Polish fighters.

With targeted blasts towards the Vistula, Generalmajor Rohr allows the crucial route to be flooded!

Very few Polish fighters make it through the canal to Śródmieście ...:



Most of them have to leave the sewer system to avoid drowning miserably down there!



At three exit points between Mokotów and Śródmieście - in Wiktorska, Wilcza and Zu streets, the fighters barely entrench themselves where they are.

The Germans liquidate these three pockets of resistance one day after the other - very few Polish fighters go into captivity.

The Poles who "got out" on Zu-Strasse hold out the longest - they hide in the nearby ruins of a bombed school ...





The last survivors of Mokotów hold out until late afternoon, when they too have to give up ...:



As literally the last defender of Mokotów, Lieutenant Colonel Rokicki stepped into the sewer system - but the masses of water in the sewer force him back to the surface.

When Rokicki realizes the desolate condition of his soldiers, he gives up and surrenders in order to save at least the few survivors - although an order from the leadership of the "Armia Kraiowa" expressly orders him to "fight to the last man" ...:

Now that the Germans have taken down Mokotów, the Dirlewanger criminals come again and search house by house for any hidden Polish fighters. You will only find seriously wounded people who could not be evacuated through the canal and civilians.

But the members of this notorious "SS Storm Brigade" are not known to dwell on questions or even investigations - they kill every living soul they encounter!

Mokotów is dead now too!





While General Rohr is now concentrating his one and a half divisions around Śródmieście, the Germans limit themselves for the rest of the day to lavishly laying artillery and cannon fire in this part of the city.
 
Hi Martin

Amazing pictures ...just looking at the tunnel ones is very claustrophobic , hard to imagine actually fighting and trying to escape through them .....and now another weapon is used ...water

Again very moving and graphic

Nap
 
Warsaw, Saturday, September 24, 1944


During house searches in Mokotów yesterday and today the Germans found many hidden AK fighters - together with the groups that surrendered yesterday, about a thousand men ...:

#



Plus a multiple of civilians ...:



And although SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach had AK-Oberstleutnant Rokicki assure him yesterday that no one would get a hair twisted, the Germans begin to shoot the first people in the morning - which this time not only Dirlewang units are involved ...:





When they killed around 140 AK fighters, which word got around very quickly, the Poles from Śródmieście - under the protection of the white flag - send a delegation to the SS leader, who also welcomes them ...:



At the 45-minute meeting in Ożarów, von dem Bach again promised that he would fully respect the Geneva Convention.

On the spot, however, the shootings continue ...



... apparently it takes until the order of the Obergruppenführer reaches the right addressees, although it is questionable whether Dirlewanger and his people would have complied with it - it would have come earlier.

After all, Oskar Dirlewanger knows the most powerful man in the Nazi empire, SS “Reichsführer” Heinrich Himmler, behind him.

When the arbitrary shootings finally ended in the afternoon, almost half of the fighters originally captured by the Germans were transported from Mokotów into captivity, the rest are dead ...:



The civilians - it is said to have been around 3,000 - are deported and face an uncertain fate ...:





In Śródmieście, the fighting is now concentrated in the area of Książęca, Łucka and Pańska streets ...:









But the Polish lines still hold ...:





In Żoliborz, the German side tries to persuade the insurgents to give up and sends parliamentarians to the Polish commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Mieczysław Niedzielski ...



... with the suggestion to surrender.

Niedzielski promises the German negotiators to forward the offer to his superiors and to carry out any orders, but declares for himself and his troops that he is not thinking about giving up!
 

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