18. Day, November 12, 2018
When the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia, many Cossacks initially believed their slogans of "
peace, land and bread" - including Grigory.
Like many others, he deserted from the front against the Germans, rides home - and joins the "red Cossacks" who occupied the Don area, his home, almost without a fight.
The freely elected Don Cossack Ataman, General Alexej Maximovich Kaledin ...
... shot himself of despair on November 11, 1918.
But the Cossacks faced a rude awakening!
The "Reds" had not forgotten the role they had held for almost 100 years as the protector of the Tsarist power and insurgent police, and lived in the Cossack area like occupiers in a conquered country, true to Lenin's slogan of "Decossackisation". ,
Willingness, robbery, murder, looting were the order of the day.
The result was a massive Cossack uprising, two of the "red" leaders, Podjolkow and Kriwoschlikow were publicly hanged by the Cossacks - and drove the "red" from the Don area!
So ends the first part of the book "And Quiet Flows The Don".
The new Don Ataman, General Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov ...
... urgently tried to build state structures and an army of an autonomous state of the Don Cossacks - relying entirely on the help of the Germans, whose troops had occupied neighboring Ukraine after the armistice with Russia.
With massive German help, Krasnow and the "
Great Mighty Don-Host" (as the official name) succeeded in fighting back a second invasion of the Bolsheviks in the Cossack area!
However, he was massively crossed with the military leader of the "white" (Tsarist and Great Russian oriented) army, General Anton Ivanovich Denikin ...
... who instead relied on the support of the Western Allies and demanded submission of the Don Cossacks under his sole command.
While the Cossacks and the "Whites" engaged in endless quarrels, the "Reds" acted!
In the meantime, Lev Davidovich Trotski, the military mind of the "reds" had realized to whom the "whites" owed their victories over his troops:
The highly mobile Cossack cavalry!
For while in western Europe old-style cavalry had long since become utterly unfashionable, cavalry troops proved to be the ideal fighting force in the vast spaces of the civil war, given the few roads and railroads!
Trotsky published his famous call "
Proletarians on horseback!" In the middle of 1919 - and created the Red Riders Armies of the Commanders Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny ...
…and Lawr Grigorjevich Daumenko...
... who launched a third invasion of the Don area with overwhelming power and pulverized the Cossacks (as well as Denikin's "white" volunteer army) to dust.
Ataman Krasnow fled to Berlin into German exile and the Cossacks had only three options: death in a hopeless fight against the "Reds", exile or - submission.
Grigorij - now Sotnik (lieutenant / centaur leader) of the Cossacks happily survives all the battles (his brother Petro was shoot by the "Reds") and at the last moment refuses exile when he realizes that he can not live anywhere but on home soil.
Here on the quay of the port of Novorossijsk he says goodbye to his best friend Mitya Korschunov, who has chosen exile ...:
Instead, Grigory vanishes, joins a gang of robbers who call themselves the "Greens" (and fight "whites" and "reds" alike), but which is soon crushed by Red Army squadrons.
After hiding on an island, he ventures a short homecoming to fetch Aksinja and flee with her. However, Aksinja is shot dead during this escape ...:
Grigory now remains only the submission - and he rides home. This is how the novel ends.
So ends the novel - and another end would have been hardly possible at Stalin's time! Nevertheless, the author Mikhail Sholokhov describes the "whites" and their motives astonishingly objective and very vividly!
**continued next post**